:root {
  --paper: #f5eedf;
  --paper-2: #ece2cc;
  --ink: #1b1d33;
  --ink-soft: #3f4157;
  --ink-faded: #625f6b;
  --rule: #d9cdb2;
  --accent: oklch(44% 0.13 255);    /* lapis */
  --accent-soft: oklch(44% 0.13 255 / 0.10);
  --gold: oklch(56% 0.12 70);       /* saffron */
  --map-land: #ebdfc5;
  --map-stroke: #c9b78f;
  --map-focus: oklch(44% 0.13 255 / 0.30);
  --map-mena: oklch(62% 0.09 70 / 0.28);
  --map-mena-stroke: oklch(56% 0.1 70 / 0.7);
  --card: #fbf6ea;
  --shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}

html.dark {
  --paper: #10142a;
  --paper-2: #181d38;
  --ink: #efe7d4;
  --ink-soft: #c3bba8;
  --ink-faded: #9a9484;
  --rule: #2a2f4d;
  --accent: oklch(78% 0.12 75);
  --accent-soft: oklch(78% 0.12 75 / 0.14);
  --gold: oklch(78% 0.12 75);
  --map-land: #161b36;
  --map-stroke: #2f3660;
  --map-focus: oklch(78% 0.12 75 / 0.26);
  --map-mena: oklch(60% 0.08 255 / 0.28);
  --map-mena-stroke: oklch(65% 0.08 255 / 0.7);
  --card: #151a33;
  --shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', -apple-system, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  transition: background 0.3s, color 0.3s;
}

::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); }

/* ── Type ─────────────────────────────────── */
.serif {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga";
}

.micro {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.micro.accent { color: var(--accent); }

/* ── Layout ────────────────────────────────── */
.wrap {
  max-width: 1080px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 32px;
}

/* ── Top bar ───────────────────────────────── */
.topbar {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--paper) 90%, transparent);
}
.topbar-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 56px;
}
.mark {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
  line-height: 1;
}
.mark .idx {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', sans-serif;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  padding: 3px 7px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 100px;
  line-height: 1;
}
.mark .name { font-weight: 500; }
.mark .field {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.mark .field::before {
  content: '— ';
  font-style: normal;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  margin-right: 2px;
}
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
}
.nav-links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color 0.15s;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.theme-toggle {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: border-color 0.15s, color 0.15s;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.theme-toggle svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; }

/* ── Visually-hidden SEO content (screen-reader accessible) ─ */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}
.hero {
  padding: 92px 0 80px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  position: relative;
  will-change: opacity, transform;
}
.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 220px;
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}
.hero-text { min-width: 0; }
.hero-portrait {
  width: 220px;
  height: 220px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(135deg,
      color-mix(in oklab, var(--ink) 6%, transparent) 0 2px,
      transparent 2px 9px),
    var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 11px;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.4;
  padding: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px var(--paper), 0 0 0 7px var(--rule);
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.hero-portrait img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  display: block;
}
.hero-portrait .ph-label {
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
/* ── Section motifs (small abstract marks) ──── */
.motif {
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.9;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.motif svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: visible; }
.block-head .micro {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}
.block-head .micro .motif {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
}
.hero-mark {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.hero-mark svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: visible; }
.byline .geo-mark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.byline .geo-mark svg { width: 22px; height: 8px; }
.collab h3 .motif {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 22px;
  vertical-align: -3px;
  margin-right: 8px;
}
.hero .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}
.hero .eyebrow::after {
  content: '';
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
  max-width: 140px;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.6vw, 56px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  max-width: 880px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.hero h1 em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.hero .lede {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 640px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.hero .byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 20px;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.hero .byline strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.hero .byline .sep {
  width: 3px;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--ink-faded);
}

/* ── Section ───────────────────────────────── */
section.block {
  padding: 80px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
section.block:last-of-type { border-bottom: none; }

.block-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.block-head .micro { padding-top: 8px; }
.block-head h2 {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 32px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 560px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.block-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
}
.block-body .left {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ── Research cards ────────────────────────── */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.research-card {
  background: var(--card);
  padding: 28px 26px 32px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  min-height: 280px;
  transition: background 0.2s;
  position: relative;
}
.research-card:hover { background: var(--paper-2); }
.research-card .status {
  display: block;
  padding-right: 40px;
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.research-card .num {
  position: absolute;
  top: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.research-card h3 {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.research-card p {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  line-height: 1.55;
  flex: 1;
}
.research-card .meta {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-style: italic;
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
}

.more-link {
  margin-top: 24px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  transition: border-color 0.15s;
}
.more-link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ── Timeline ──────────────────────────────── */
.timeline {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.tl-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr auto;
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.tl-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.tl-year {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.tl-role {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.tl-role .org {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-style: italic;
}
.tl-tag {
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.tl-tag.amount {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* ── Publications list ─────────────────────── */
.pub-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.pub-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.pub-year {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.pub-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: 100px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.pub-cite {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.pub-cite a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in oklab, var(--accent) 40%, transparent); }
.pub-cite a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.pub-cite em { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.pub-note {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  margin-top: 4px;
}

/* ── Skills grid ───────────────────────────── */
.skills-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.skill-card {
  background: var(--card);
  padding: 22px 24px;
}
.skill-card p {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.sk-lite {
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 13.5px;
}

/* ── Conferences ───────────────────────────── */
.conf-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0 32px;
}
.conf-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.conf-y {
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* ── Collaborate ───────────────────────────── */
.collab {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 56px 48px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: start;
}
.collab h3 {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.collab p {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.collab .channels {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border-radius: 3px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.channel {
  background: var(--card);
  padding: 16px 20px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--ink);
  transition: background 0.15s;
}
.channel:hover { background: var(--paper); }
.channel .ch-label {
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.channel .ch-val {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 16px;
}
.channel .arrow {
  color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: color 0.15s, transform 0.15s;
}
.channel:hover .arrow { color: var(--accent); transform: translateX(2px); }

/* ── Footer ────────────────────────────────── */
footer {
  padding: 48px 0 56px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.foot-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.foot-inner a { color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.foot-inner a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ── Responsive ────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .wrap { padding: 0 22px; }
  .hero { padding: 60px 0 56px; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .hero-portrait { width: 160px; height: 160px; order: -1; }
  .mark .field { display: none; }
  .block-head, .block-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; }
  .block-head .micro { padding-top: 0; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .collab { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 36px 28px; gap: 28px; }
  .tl-row { grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr; }
  .tl-row .tl-tag:not(.amount) { display: none; }
  .pub-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .skills-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .conf-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .nav-links { gap: 14px; }
  .nav-links a:not(.always-show) { display: none; }
}

/* ── Accessibility additions ── */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 100; transform: translateY(-110%);
  background: var(--accent); color: #fff; padding: 10px 18px;
  font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0 0 4px 0;
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }
html[dir="rtl"] .skip-link { left: auto; right: 0; border-radius: 0 0 0 4px; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; border-radius: 2px;
}
/* ── About section ── */
.about-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
.about-body p {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 680px;
}
.about-body strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; }

/* ── MENA map background ── */
#mena-map { position: fixed; inset: 0; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; z-index: 0; pointer-events: none; }
#mena-map .land { fill: var(--map-land); stroke: var(--map-stroke); stroke-width: 0.7; }
#mena-map .land.mena { fill: var(--map-mena); stroke: var(--map-mena-stroke); stroke-width: 0.8; }
#mena-map .land.focus { fill: var(--map-focus); stroke: var(--accent); stroke-width: 0.9; }
#mena-map .grat { fill: none; stroke: var(--map-stroke); stroke-width: 0.4; stroke-dasharray: 2 4; opacity: 0.6; }
#mena-map .sea { fill: var(--paper); }
#mena-map .pin { fill: var(--gold); }
#mena-map .pin-ring { fill: none; stroke: var(--gold); stroke-width: 1; }
#mena-map .pin-label { font-family: 'Amiri', serif; font-size: 15px; fill: var(--ink-faded); }
body { background: var(--paper); }
.topbar, main, footer { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.topbar { position: sticky; z-index: 50; }
/* ── Arabic labels + star motif ── */
.ar { font-family: 'Amiri', serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0; text-transform: none; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 400; }
section.block { border-bottom: none; position: relative; }
section.block::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: min(1016px, calc(100% - 64px)); height: 14px;
  background:
    url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 14 14'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23b8923f' stroke-width='0.8'%3E%3Crect x='3' y='3' width='8' height='8'/%3E%3Crect x='3' y='3' width='8' height='8' transform='rotate(45 7 7)'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / 14px 14px no-repeat,
    linear-gradient(var(--rule), var(--rule)) center / 100% 1px no-repeat;
}
.hero { border-bottom: none; }

/* ── Ask me about Yemen ── */
.ask-fab {
  position: fixed; right: 24px; bottom: 24px; z-index: 60;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px 20px; border-radius: 100px; border: 1px solid var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper);
  font: 500 14px/1 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', -apple-system, sans-serif;
  cursor: pointer; box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
  transition: transform 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
}
.ask-fab:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.22); }
.ask-fab svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; }
.ask-panel {
  position: fixed; right: 24px; bottom: 84px; z-index: 61;
  width: min(380px, calc(100vw - 32px));
  background: var(--card); color: var(--ink);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
  padding: 26px 24px 22px;
}
.ask-fab[hidden], .ask-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.ask-panel h2 {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 28px;
}
.ask-panel p {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif; font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.ask-close {
  position: absolute; top: 14px; right: 14px; width: 30px; height: 30px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 50%; background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-soft); cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1;
}
.ask-close:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.ask-fee {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline;
  padding: 12px 0; margin-bottom: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size: 13px; color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.ask-fee strong {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--accent);
}
.ask-book {
  display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
  width: 100%; padding: 13px 16px; border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; transition: opacity 0.15s;
}
.ask-book:hover { opacity: 0.9; }
.ask-note { font-size: 12px; color: var(--ink-faded); text-align: center; margin-top: 8px; }
.ask-media {
  margin-top: 16px; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size: 13px; color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.ask-media a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }
.ask-media a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ask-fab { right: 16px; bottom: 16px; padding: 11px 16px; }
  .ask-panel { right: 16px; bottom: 72px; }
}
@media print { .ask-fab, .ask-panel { display: none !important; } }

/* ── Language switch ── */
.nav-links .lang-switch {
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', sans-serif;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 100px; padding: 4px 12px;
}
.nav-links .lang-switch:hover { border-color: var(--accent); }
.orig { display: block; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--ink-faded); font-style: italic; }

/* ── Arabic (right-to-left) ── */
html[dir="rtl"] body * { letter-spacing: 0 !important; }
html[dir="rtl"] .hero h1 { line-height: 1.35; }
html[dir="rtl"] .hero .lede { line-height: 1.85; }
html[dir="rtl"] .about-body p, html[dir="rtl"] .collab p, html[dir="rtl"] .ask-panel p { line-height: 1.85; }
html[dir="rtl"] .block-head h2, html[dir="rtl"] .research-card h3 { line-height: 1.4; }
html[dir="rtl"] .hero h1 em, html[dir="rtl"] .tl-role .org, html[dir="rtl"] .research-card .meta,
html[dir="rtl"] .pub-note, html[dir="rtl"] .mark .field, html[dir="rtl"] .sk-lite { font-style: normal; }
html[dir="rtl"] .micro, html[dir="rtl"] .research-card .status, html[dir="rtl"] .tl-tag,
html[dir="rtl"] .ch-label { font-size: 13px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .mark .field::before { margin-right: 0; margin-left: 2px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .research-card .num { right: auto; left: 24px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .research-card .status { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 40px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .collab h3 .motif { margin-right: 0; margin-left: 8px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .channel:hover .arrow { transform: translateX(-2px); }
html[dir="rtl"] .ask-fab, html[dir="rtl"] .ask-panel { right: auto; left: 24px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .ask-close { right: auto; left: 14px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .ask-panel h2 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 28px; }
html[dir="rtl"] [lang="en"] { font-style: normal; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  html[dir="rtl"] .ask-fab, html[dir="rtl"] .ask-panel { left: 16px; }
}
html[dir="rtl"] bdi[lang="en"] { white-space: nowrap; }

/* ── Yemen Daily Brief band ── */
.brief[hidden] { display: none; }
.brief {
  background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--paper-2) 88%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 16px 0 12px;
}
.brief-head {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 8px 16px;
}
.brief-label { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 4px 10px; }
.brief-badge {
  font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; color: var(--gold);
  border: 1px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 100px; padding: 2px 8px; line-height: 1.2;
}
.brief-controls { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.brief-btn {
  width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: transparent; color: var(--ink-soft);
  cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  transition: border-color 0.15s, color 0.15s;
}
.brief-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.brief-btn svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; }
.brief-count {
  min-width: 42px; text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: var(--ink-faded);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.brief-deck { display: grid; margin-top: 8px; touch-action: pan-y; }
.brief-slide {
  grid-area: 1 / 1; min-width: 0;
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transition: opacity 0.3s, visibility 0.3s;
}
.brief-slide.is-active { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.brief-cat { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink-faded); }
.brief-title {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif; font-size: clamp(20px, 2.3vw, 26px); font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.25; color: var(--ink); margin: 2px 0 6px; max-width: 880px; text-wrap: balance;
}
.brief-summary {
  font-family: 'Amiri', Georgia, serif; font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 780px;
}
.brief-attr { font-size: 12.5px; font-style: italic; color: var(--ink-faded); margin-top: 4px; }
.brief-meta {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 4px 14px;
  margin-top: 8px; font-size: 12.5px; color: var(--ink-faded);
}
.brief-loc {
  color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid color-mix(in oklab, var(--accent) 45%, transparent);
  border-radius: 100px; padding: 1px 10px; white-space: nowrap;
}
.brief-meta a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in oklab, var(--accent) 40%, transparent); }
.brief-meta a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.brief-progress { height: 2px; background: var(--rule); margin-top: 12px; overflow: hidden; }
.brief-progress span {
  display: block; height: 100%; background: var(--accent);
  transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left center;
}
.brief-note { font-size: 11.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink-faded); margin-top: 8px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-progress span { transform-origin: right center; }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-chev { transform: scaleX(-1); }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-attr { font-style: normal; }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-cat, html[dir="rtl"] .brief-badge { font-size: 12.5px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-title { line-height: 1.45; }
html[dir="rtl"] .brief-summary { line-height: 1.85; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .brief { padding: 14px 0 10px; }
  .brief-summary { font-size: 16px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .brief-slide { transition: none; }
}

/* Brief marker on the background map (distinct from the gold Sana'a and Beirut pins) */
#mena-map .bm-pulse {
  fill: none; stroke: var(--accent); stroke-width: 1.5;
  transform-box: fill-box; transform-origin: center;
  animation: bm-pulse 2.4s ease-out infinite;
}
#mena-map .bm-ring { fill: none; stroke: var(--accent); stroke-width: 1.2; opacity: 0.55; }
#mena-map .bm-dot { fill: var(--accent); }
#mena-map .bm-label {
  font-family: 'Amiri', serif; font-size: 15px; fill: var(--ink-soft);
  paint-order: stroke; stroke: var(--paper); stroke-width: 3px; stroke-linejoin: round;
}
@keyframes bm-pulse {
  from { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.9; }
  to { transform: scale(2.2); opacity: 0; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  #mena-map .bm-pulse { animation: none; opacity: 0.9; }
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  #mena-map .bm-label { display: none; }
}